Now that there's really not that much yet to post crafts-wise (although I'm working on several projects but they're all very unfinished atm) and not really that much happening elsewhere either except for upcoming christmas, let's post some music! There are surprisingly many surviving medieval christmas carols around, and here are a few (or, actually, seven) of them for your delight, along with some information on them.
Coventry carol (tämä versio instrumentaalia). Tämähän on todella mielenkiintoinen tapaus, peräisin englantilaisen Coventryn kaupungin leikkaajien ja räätälien organisoimasta mysteerinäytelmästä (Shearmen and Tailors Pageant). Coventryn mysteerinäytelmästä on tietoja jo 1300-luvun lopulta, mutta varsinainen sisältö kirjoitettiin ylös 1534. Tämä nimenomainen mysteerinäytelmä kertasi Uuden testamentin kertomat Jeesuksen syntymän ajan tapahtumat, ja tämä laulun on näytelmästä kohdasta, jossa Herodes on antanut käskyn poikalasten tappamisesta -tämä taustatieto on melkoisen oleellinen lyriikoiden ymmärtämisen takia.
Coventry carol (this is an instrumental version). This one indeed is a curious case, it's from a mystery play from English city of Coventry, organized by the shearmen and tailors of the town. There are some notes concerning the mystery play already from the late 14th century, but the actual content (along with this song) was written down in 1534. The mystery play was about the events around the birth of Jesus and his early childhood, and this song is from the part of the play where Herod has ordered the command to kill all the baby boys - the background information is somewhat vital when it comes to understanding the lyrics.
Personent Hodie. Suomalaisittain ihan mielenkiintoinen sikäli, että tämä on peräisin suomalaisvoimin kootusta Piae Cantiones -kokoelmasta, julkaistu 1582. Samoihin kansiin oli kerätty 74 Turun katedraalikoulussa käytettyä latinankielistä laulua, jotka ovat aika vahvasti katolilaisvaikutteisia ja osa aivan varmasti peräisinkin aikaisemmalta katoliselta ajalta vaikka reformaatio olikin kirjan kokoamisaikaan täydessä käynnissä. Personent Hodie lukeutuu näihin Piae Cantiones'ia vanhempiin, melodia löytyy käytännössä samanlaisena (ja sanoissakin on yhtäläisyyksiä mutta ei ilmeisesti kuitenkaan jouluteemaa) baijerilaisesta käsikirjoituksesta v. 1360.
Personent Hodie. Interesting in especially Finnish point of view, because this one is from a songbook Piae Cantiones collected by a Finn, from Finland. Printed in 1582, it hosted altogether 74 songs in Latin that had been sung in the cathedral school of Turku. The songs are fairly heavily catholic-influenced and several of them are securely dated to earlier centuries, even though reformation was in full throttle during the time when Piae Cantiones was written. Personent Hodie is one of those older songs, the melody has been found from a Bavarian manuscript from 1360 and even the lyrics share some common features, but it's not apparently christmas-themed.
Gaudete. Tämäkin Piae Cantiones'ista. Kokoelmassa on näiden kahden lisäksi vielä 22 muutakin jouluteemaisia lauluja, jos niitä haluaa haeskella niin lista nimistä löytyy esimerkiksi The hymns and carols of christmas -sivulta.
Gaudete. This one too is from Piae Cantiones. The collection has, along with these two songs, 22 other christmas-themed songs. Should one want to check them out, the song names are listed, for example, in the site The hymns and carols of christmas.
In dulci jubilo. Tämäkin sinänsä löytyy Piae Cantiones'ista, mutta on alkuperältään reippaasti vanhempi -laulun teksti on ensimmäistä kertaa kirjoitettu ylös Saksassa 1328 ja melodiakin n. v. 1400 (Leipzig university codex 1305, ei ilm. digitoitu). Alkuperäinen teksti on hassu yhdistelmä vanhaa saksaa ja latinaa, mutta tätä ei tähän hätään videomuodossa löytynyt, joten alla oleva Medieval babes'in versio on englannin ja latinan yhdistelmä. Kuriositeettina muuten, ruotsalaisen Lundin tuomiokirkon astronominen kello soittaa tätä melodiaa kahdesti päivässä!
In dulci jubilo. This one too is featured in Piae Cantiones, but its origins are much older than that -the lyrics have been first written down in Germany in 1328, and even the melody is from c. 1400 (Leipzig University Codex 1305, not apparently digitized). The original text is a funny combination of old German and Latin, but I couldn't find a video with those languages. So there, this Medieval babes version below is a mix on English and Latin. By the way, the melody is also played twice a day by the astronomical clock in the Swedish Lund cathedral!
In dulci jubilo. This one too is featured in Piae Cantiones, but its origins are much older than that -the lyrics have been first written down in Germany in 1328, and even the melody is from c. 1400 (Leipzig University Codex 1305, not apparently digitized). The original text is a funny combination of old German and Latin, but I couldn't find a video with those languages. So there, this Medieval babes version below is a mix on English and Latin. By the way, the melody is also played twice a day by the astronomical clock in the Swedish Lund cathedral!
The Boar's head carol. Johan tässä on herkkää kirkollista musiikkia kuunneltu ihan riittävästi hetken tarpeiksi, joten väliin pätkä jolla ei ole niin mitään tekemistä kirkollisen kanssa, vaan joka liittyy lähinnä joulusyöminkeihin. Boar's head carol'in alkuperän on sanottu olevan 1400-luvulla, ensimmäinen ylös kirjoitettu versio on vuodelta 1521 Christmasse carolles newely enprinted -kokoelmasta. Laulussa mainittu tapa tarjota karjun päätä jouluateriaksi periytyy ehkä jo viikinkiajalta Skandinaviasta ja sitä kautta oli otettu tavaksi myös Brittein saarille, muinainen pakana-aikainen tapa oli vain ympätty kristilliseen ympäristöön mukaan pyhän Tapanin juhlallisuuksiin.
The boar's head carol. We've had our share of ecclesiastical music for a while, haven't we? So, for a change, here's a song that has pretty much no connection to religion, but is more about Christmas festivities and feasting! The boar's head carol has been said to originate from the 15th century, but the first version that has been written down is from 1521 in a songbook called Christmasse carolles newely enprinted. The habit of bringing a boar's head to the table for Christmas may be even from the viking age Scandinavia, and from there it had just been cut and pasted to the feast of St. Stephen.
The boar's head carol. We've had our share of ecclesiastical music for a while, haven't we? So, for a change, here's a song that has pretty much no connection to religion, but is more about Christmas festivities and feasting! The boar's head carol has been said to originate from the 15th century, but the first version that has been written down is from 1521 in a songbook called Christmasse carolles newely enprinted. The habit of bringing a boar's head to the table for Christmas may be even from the viking age Scandinavia, and from there it had just been cut and pasted to the feast of St. Stephen.
Quem pastores laudavere. Takaisin hartaiden laulujen pariin! Ensimmäistä kertaa Quem pastores laudavere esiintyy v. 1460 Hohenfurtin luostarin kokoamassa Hohenfurter Liederbuch-kirjassa ja sen jälkeen useammassa muussakin kokoelmassa.
Quem pastores laudavere. Back to the pious songs! For the first time, Quem pastores laudavere has been written down in the 1460 songbook Hohenfurter Liederbuch, written (unsurprisingly) in the Hohenfurt monastery. After that, it appears in several other collections as well.
As I lay on yoolis night. Toinen enemmän maallisen puoleinen joululaulu Englannista. Tämän synty ajoitetaan ilmeisesti 1300-luvun alkupuolelle, mutta kirjoitettu versio löytyy 1400-luvun alun (?) Thomas Turke-nimisen miehen Winchester Collegea varten kokoamasta laulukirjasta. 18 laulua kaikkineen, Cambridge Additional MS 5493 on kirjan tunnus, mutta tätä ei ilmeisesti ja harmittavasti ole digitoitu. Laulun tarina kuitenkin on selvä, laulun kertoja näkee jouluyönä unta odotellessaan näyn Mariasta, joka yrittää laulaen saada Jeesus-lasta nukkumaan.
As I lay on yoolis night. The second English song of a more secular type in this list. This is said to date from the early 14th century, but a written version is from the early 15th cent. songbook for Winchester College, collected by a man named Thomas Turke. 18 songs altogether, Cambridge Additional MS 5493 is the official name of the manuscript, but it seems it has not been digitized, bit of a shame. The story in the song is clear, however, the narrator in the song is having bit of a problem in falling asleep and s/he sees a vision where virgin Mary is trying to get baby Jesus to fall asleep by singing.